Zarina Muhammad
Singapore
Animism, Environmental Ethics, Folklore, Materiality, Mythology, Oral Histories, Postcoloniality, Ritualism, Traditional Ecology
An installation with a mirror in the centre surrounded by different installations of animals.

Zarina Muhammad, Moving Earth, Crossing Water, Eating Soil, 2022. Courtesy the artist.

Artist

Region
Singapore

Category
Traditional Knowledge and Cosmologies

Topics
Animism, Environmental Ethics, Folklore, Materiality, Mythology, Oral Histories, Postcoloniality, Ritualism, Traditional Ecology

Methodology
Ethnographic Knowledge, Folklore, Installation, Mythology, Oral Histories, Performance

Zarina Muhammad

Zarina Muhammad, (b. 1982, Singapore) is a Singaporean artist, educator, and researcher whose practice is entwined with a critical re-examination of oral histories, ethnographic literature, and other historiographic accounts about Southeast Asia. Zarina Muhammad works at the intersections of performance, text, installation, ritual, sound, moving image, and participatory practice. She is interested in the broader contexts of eco-cultural and ecological histories, mythmaking, haunted historiographies, water cosmologies, and chthonic realms. She has been working on a long-term interdisciplinary project on Southeast Asia’s changing relationship with spectrality, ritual magic, polysensoriality, and the immaterial against the dynamics of global modernity, the social production of rationality, and transcultural knowledge exchanges. She currently lives and works in Singapore.

Projects

Moving Earth, Crossing Water, Eating Soil

2022

Zarina Muhammad, Moving Earth, Crossing Water, Eating Soil, 2022. Courtesy the artist.

8 fixtures in an open plot of land.

Zarina Muhammad, Moving Earth, Crossing Water, Eating Soil, 2022. Courtesy the artist.

An installation with a mirror in the centre surrounded by different installations of animals.

Zarina Muhammad, Moving Earth, Crossing Water, Eating Soil, 2022. Courtesy the artist.

Installation with a mirror and surrounded by animals.

Zarina Muhammad, Moving Earth, Crossing Water, Eating Soil, 2022. Courtesy the artist.

A person holding a tiger cut out in front of their face.

Zarina Muhammad, Moving Earth, Crossing Water, Eating Soil, 2022. Courtesy the artist.

A bag of soil that contains leaves and bark.

Zarina Muhammad, Moving Earth, Crossing Water, Eating Soil, 2022. Courtesy the artist.

Moving Earth, Crossing Water, Eating Soil is an audio-visual-tactile installation and a series of performances and activations presented throughout the period of the Biennale. The work examines how hierarchies of knowledge systems may be challenged and how we may attune our senses to alternate ways in which knowledge—whether from the point of view of the human or non-human—may be accepted.

The title of the work alludes to the multiple historical identities of Pulau Sekijang Bendera (currently known as St John’s Island). The work draws inspiration from islands that have lost their names, shapeshifting creation myths, lines plotted by animal navigation, trickster tides, submerged reefs and maritime arteries. The work unfolds over nine archetypal signatures and departure points, namely: The Guide, The Witness, The Wrathful Deity, The Pyramidal Cell, The Gate, The Peculiar Habitat, The Rotating Naga, The Talisman, and The Pragmatic Prayer. These nine points are presented as a diorama of (inter)cardinal directions, palimpsests and constellations that can be read or experienced through a variety of ways and engages with the entanglements of various knowledge systems.

Check out more here.


Talismans for Peculiar Habitats

2022
A screen showing a low-tide shore with an installation of rocks and other items in front of it.

Zarina Muhammad, Talismans for Peculiar Habits, 2022. Courtesy the artist.

A screen showing henna being drawn on a body, miscellaneous items are on a woven mat in front of the screen.

Zarina Muhammad, Talismans for Peculiar Habits, 2022. Courtesy the artist.

A rock sculpture surrounded by different items.

Zarina Muhammad, Talismans for Peculiar Habits, 2022. Courtesy the artist.

Embroidered text on fabric.

Zarina Muhammad, Talismans for Peculiar Habits, 2022. Courtesy the artist.

Talismans for Peculiar Habitats offers a looking glass to the ineluctably peculiar ways we form kinship, are bound to or avert the burdens of bloodlines and the making and breaking of (found) family who construct sustaining communities of comfort and care. The work is marked by the seascapes and spiritscapes that form cumulative coordinates to the artist’s relation to the ambiguous shorelines we call home, and other places we safeguard and return to.
The work traces life narratives marked by health crises, mourning, dematerialising home, domesticating doubt and crossing physical-psychical thresholds to seek refuge through imagining communities with strangers. Composed from personal mementos, handwritten notes, small sculptural works, effigies, shrouds, talismanic textiles, trays of offerings and other ritually performed gestures, the installation draws from the voices and fragments from local/regional historiographies of living, dying, surviving and our own personal imaginings of it.
What stories do we tell of final rites, of peculiar phantoms, of ruined / renewed landscapes of isolation / belonging, of time and the chaos of crossing thresholds we might be unfamiliar with? What are the ways to gently observe anyone who has transitioned to other worlds on their own (terms) or the spectres estranged from their bloodline of ancestors?[1]

[1] Zarina Muhammad, “Talismans for Peculiar Habitats — Girlsandghostsintrees,” girlsandghostsintrees.com, accessed November 9, 2023, https://girlsandghostsintrees.com/Talismans-for-Peculiar-Habitats.


earth, land, sky and sea as palimpset

2019
A gold buddha statue hanging on a tree stump in a forest.

Zarina Muhammad, <earth, land, sky and sea as palimpset>, 2019. Courtesy the artist.

The rubber carvings on the a rubber tree.

Zarina Muhammad, <earth, land, sky and sea as palimpset>, 2019. Courtesy the artist.

A bright red vase in the middle of the forest.

Zarina Muhammad, <earth, land, sky and sea as palimpset>, 2019. Courtesy the artist.

A white cloth is tied to a small concrete pillar next to a drain hole opening on the side of a concrete wall.

Zarina Muhammad, <earth, land, sky and sea as palimpset>, 2019. Courtesy the artist.

A white cloth is wrapped to a pole.

Zarina Muhammad, <earth, land, sky and sea as palimpset>, 2019. Courtesy the artist.

Moss grows inside of a drainage pipe.

Zarina Muhammad, <earth, land, sky and sea as palimpset>, 2019. Courtesy the artist.

Whispering Secrets into Trees, The Poetics of Moving Earth, Terra as Palimpsest are 3 vignettes that offer starting points and a first iteration of <earth, land, sky and sea as palimpsest>, a broader body of work and collaborative research project looking into environmental histories, infrastructures overlaid on spirit paths, extractive capitalist urbanization, archival fragments, moving, shapeshifting walking paths through human built landscapes alongside what lies below and above these trails and coordinates.
<earth, land, sky and sea as palimpsest > are invitations and invocations to see with skin, hear with our feet, feel our way through spatial interruptions and somatically attend to sound at points of transit, change and threshold-crossing.

Each cumulative form of this long-term project is an invitation to reframe hegemonic cartographies, to conjure the ecologies of selves within the seen and unseen, and make memory maps from meandering through the homely and strange, the uninhabitable, the chthonic, the otherworlds and more than human worlds that we share habits and habitats with[2].

Read more about the work here.

[2] Zarina Muhammad, “Earth, Land, Sky and Sea as Palimpsest — Girlsandghostsintrees,” girlsandghostsintrees.com, accessed November 9, 2023, https://girlsandghostsintrees.com/earth-land-sky-and-sea-as-palimpsest-1.


Courses

Gentle Ferocities

Gentle Ferocities, Diriyah Biennale 2024: After Rain, March 2024
Find more information here


Animals Days on A Geomantic Compass

Animals Days on A Geomantic Compass, Singapore Biennale 2022 - Natasha
Performance Activation for Crossing Water, Moving Earth, Eating Soil
October 2022 - March 2023


Acts and Antidotes for Surviving Eclipses, Peculiar Habitats and Contradictory Certainties

Acts and Antidotes for Surviving Eclipses, Peculiar Habitats and Contradictory Certainties
Participatory Performance-Workshop. Part of SCENES: Participatory Practices.
Organised by DramaBox, Singapore, September 2020.


Conjuring Ourselves as Ghosts

Conjuring Ourselves as Ghosts, February 2020
Participatory Workshop. NTU CCCA Ideas Fest 2020,
Guest Curated by IdeasCity, New Museum, New York


Talismans for Surviving Eclipses and the Non-Conforming Dates of Movable Feasts

Talismans for Surviving Eclipses and the Non-Conforming Dates of Movable Feasts, January 2020
Participatory Workshop on the ways we make, measure and mark time
Art Science Museum, Singapore

Videos

Residencies Studio Sessions: Revisiting the Penunggu and the Demon Naga at the Threshold, Zarina Muhammad, 2020

Claiming the role of the artist as “cultural ventriloquist” who lends multiple voices to spectral matters and speculative histories, for this talk Zarina Muhammad will weave together research threads and aesthetic strategies that underpin the main projects she developed in the past year: Talismans for Peculiar Habitats, Pharmacopeias for Accredited Agents of Poisoning and Apotropaic Texts, and Pragmatic Prayers for the Kala at the Threshold. The artist will unpack the polyphonic narratives embedded in her installations and expand upon her long-term engagement with Austronesian cosmologies, guardian spirits, non-conforming bodies, and memory lapses occurring in the cultural shifts from pre-colonial to post-colonial times. * Penunggu refers to the spirit that guards, supervises, or protects a particular place, region, nation, age group, country, culture, or occupation. It is believed that it can be protective, benign or malevolent. Though not entirely synonymous with the Kala, the gate guardian in sacred architectures, the penunggu is also a guardian of spaces. The root word of ʻpenungguʼ is derived from the Malay word ʻtungguʼ, which means ʻto waitʼ.

Conferences

Moving Earth, Crossing Water, Restless Topographies: Lessons on Threshold Crossing and Wayfinding alongside Non-Human Collaborators, Zarina Muhammad

Conference: Climate Futures #1 Cultures, Climate Crisis and Disappearing Ecologies, Conference, 1-3 December 2022, Jakarta, Indonesia. Conceived by NTU Centre for Contemporary Arts Singapore, in partnership with KONNECT ASEAN and in-kind support of Goethe-Institut Singapore and Jakarta.

"For this sharing, Muhammad reflects on the processes and pathways undertaken in recent selected projects namely Earth, Land, Sky and Sea as Palimpsest, Dioramas for Tanjong Rimau, and Breathing in Unbreathable Circumstances. These works have emerged from her long-term research project that engages with environmental histories, extractive capitalist urbanisation, and archival fragments in order to redraw hegemonic cartographies and seek out a more-than-human, multidimensional understanding of our place in the world."

Sources:

Zarina Muhammad, “Climate Futures #1 Cultures, Climate Crisis & Disappearing Ecologies” (KONNECT-ASEAN, 2022).


Can Ghosts Die?: Repositioning Magico-religious Belief Systems, Materiality and Modernity in Contemporary Southeast Asia, Zarina Muhammad

Conference: The Tenth International Convention of Asia Scholars (ICAS 10). Organised by The Regional Center for Social Change and Sustainable Development (RSCD), with support from the Faculty of Social Sciences of Chiang Mai University (CMU), July, 2017.


Magic, Belief, Sacred Geographies and Visualising the Unseen in Singapore: Repositioning and Performing the Otherworldly in Southeast Asian Myths and Folklore, Zarina Muhammad

Conference: Visualising the City: International Visual Methods Conference. Organised by Singapore Institute of Technology, August, 2017.


Sea Stories, Spirits, Charms and Ceremonies: Repositioning and Performing the Otherworldly in Southeast Asian Maritime Myths and Folklore, Zarina Muhammad

Conference: Conference on Mermaids, Maritime Folklore and Modernity. Organised by Island Dynamics Research Network, October, 2017.


Dancing Horses, Possessing Spirits and Invisible Histories: Re-Imagining the Borders of Magic and Modernity in Contemporary Southeast Asia, Zarina Muhammad

Conference: Crossroads: The 11th International Conference Crossroads in Cultural Studies. Organised by the Institute for Culture and Society, Western Sydney University, and the University of Sydney. December, 2016.


Cultural Struggle and Praxis: Negotiating Power and the Everyday, Zarina Muhammad

Conference: The Sixth Asian Conference on Cultural Studies. Organised by IAFOR (The International Academic Forum). Held at the Kobe Art Centre, Japan. June, 2016.


Magic, Belief, and Cultural Production in Singapore: Engaging with Southeast Asian Traditional Art Forms in the Island City, Zarina Muhammad

Conference: Island Cities and Urban Archipelagos. Organised by Island Dynamics Research Network & the University of Hong Kong. March, 2016.


Who sees? Whose voice?: Possessing Spirits, Invisible Histories and the Artist as Ethnographer. Vitality and Viability: Arts Ecosystems in Asia, Zarina Muhammad

Conference: Organised by Asia Pacific Network for Cultural Education and Research and Cambodian Living Arts. Phnom Penh, Cambodia. January, 2016.


Who sees? Whose voice?: Dancing Horses, Possessing Spirits and Invisible Histories, Zarina Muhammad

Conferences: Undercurrents: Unearthing Hidden Social and Discursive Practices. Organised by the Inter-Asia Cultural Studies Society, University of Indonesia and Airlangga University. Surabaya, Indonesia. August, 2015.

Further Reading

Selected Exhibitions


Selected Solo Exhibitions
2019 Pharmacopoeias for Accredited Agents of Poisoning, Storyfest, Arts House, Singapore

Selected Group Exhibitions

2024 Breathing in Unbreathable Circumstances, FotoFest Biennial 2024: Critical Geography, Houston, USA
2023 - present Calendrical Systems for the Afterlife, Actions for the Earth: Art, Care & Ecology. A travelling group exhibition curated by Sharmila Wood. Supported and produced by Independent Curators International New York
2023 <earth, land, sky and sea as palimpset>, HOME/LAND: Recent Moving Images from Southeast Asia, Curated by Alfonse Chiu, Swab Art Fair, Barcelona, Spain
2022 Crossing Water, Moving Earth, Eating Soil, Singapore Biennale 2022 - Natasha
2022 Breathing in Unbreathable Circumstances, Shaking Land and Water. Commissioned by the Esplanade Singapore, Organised in collaboration with Sasa Art Project, Cambodia
2021 <earth, land, sky and sea as palimpset>, The Julius Baer Next Generation Art Prize Virtual Exhibition
2021 Talismans for Peculiar Habits, Between the Living and Archive, Gillman Barracks
2021 <earth, land, sky and sea as palimpset>, If Forests Talk, Singapore Art Week
2021 Calendrical Systems for the Afterlife, 2219: Futures Imagined, Art Science Museum Singapore

Selected Residencies


2021 Artist in Residence, Goethe Institute, Singapore
2019 Artist in Residence, NTU CCA, Singapore
2017 Artist in Residence, Extantation Chiang Mai, Thailand

Selected Awards


2021 Finalist (Moving Image) The Julian Baer Next Generation Art Prize
2019 Paulo Cunha e Silva Art Prize Nominated by Claire Tancons
2018 Nominated for the President's Young Talent 2018 Award and Exhibition